In using the text Landmarks in Humanities HUM 2230. ISBN 9781307894134.please br

In using the text Landmarks in Humanities HUM 2230. ISBN 9781307894134.please briefly identify the following people or concepts in the context of the chapter they are used in. Your answers should range between 10-30 words. As for the IDs, it is important for me to be able to assess that you have understood the significance of the person or concept. So sometimes a few words are enough.
If you cannot find the term in text, please use other scholarly sources.